Subgroup formation in h <scp>uman</scp> – <scp>robot</scp> teams: A m <scp>ulti?study</scp> mixed?method approach with implications for theory and practice

Human–robot teams represent a challenging work application of artificial intelligence (AI). Building strong emotional bonds with robots is one solution to promoting teamwork in such teams, but does this come at cost the form subgroups? Subgroups—smaller divisions within teams—in all human can undermine teamwork. Despite importance question, it has received little attention. We employed mixed-methods approach by conducting lab experiment and qualitative online survey. (a) examined formation impact subgroups human–robot (b) obtained insights from workers currently adapting workplace on mitigating impacts subgroups. The experimental study (Study 1) 44 found that robot identification (RID) team (TID) are associated increases decreases likelihood subgroup formation, respectively. RID TID moderated quality subsequent performance teams. Study 2 was 112 managers employees who worked collaboratively robots. derived practical help situate translate what learned 1 into actual practices.